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суббота, 20 сентября 2008 г.
Symbionese Liberation Army
1 S.L.A. beliefs and symbology
2 Formation and initial activities
2.1 Prison visits and political film
2.2 DeFreeze escapes prison
3 Assassination
4 Kidnapping of Patty Hearst
5 Conditions of the initial captivity of Patty Hearst
5.1 Political inculcation
6 Activities during the period of Hearst's membership
6.1 Hibernia bank robbery
6.2 Move to Los Angeles and police shootout
6.3 Return to the Bay Area
6.4 Crocker bank robbery
6.5 Capture and conviction
7 Recent trials
8 S.L.A. in film
8.1 Documentaries
8.2 Dramas and docu-dramas
8.3 Teleplay
8.4 Satire
9 S.L.A. in literature
9.1 Satire
10 Known and notable members
10.1 Founding members
10.2 Later members (after the Hearst kidnapping)
10.3 Associates and sympathisers
11 Bibliography
12 References
13 See also
14 External links
1 S.L.A. beliefs and symbology
2 Formation and initial activities
2.1 Prison visits and political film
2.2 DeFreeze escapes prison
3 Assassination
4 Kidnapping of Patty Hearst
5 Conditions of the initial captivity of Patty Hearst
5.1 Political inculcation
6 Activities during the period of Hearst's membership
6.1 Hibernia bank robbery
6.2 Move to Los Angeles and police shootout
6.3 Return to the Bay Area
6.4 Crocker bank robbery
6.5 Capture and conviction
7 Recent trials
8 S.L.A. in film
8.1 Documentaries
8.2 Dramas and docu-dramas
8.3 Teleplay
8.4 Satire
9 S.L.A. in literature
9.1 Satire
10 Known and notable members
10.1 Founding members
10.2 Later members (after the Hearst kidnapping)
10.3 Associates and sympathisers
11 Bibliography
12 References
13 See also
14 External links
Date of birth:
January 17, 1943 (1943-01-17) (age 65)
Place of birth:
California
Movement:
Symbionese Liberation Army
January 17, 1943 (1943-01-17) (age 65)
Place of birth:
California
Movement:
Symbionese Liberation Army
INTRODUCTION
Screed 1 COMING OF THE COBRA
.
Screed 2 COBRA HEADS
Screed 3 THE SLA OATH
Screed 4 CONSTITUTION AND PROGRAM
Screed 5 GOALS OF THE SYMBIONESE
Screed 6 WAR COUNCIL ALLIANCE
Screed 7 SLA AND SUPPORT UNITS .
Screed 8 FOSTER MURDER AND COMMUNIQUE ONE
Screed 9 THE FOSTER FOLLOW-UP
Screed 10 FAHIZAH'S LETTER TO THE PEOPLE .
Screed 11 THE HEARST ARREST ORDER
Screed 12 CINQUE'S INDICTMENT
Screed 13 PATRICIA HEARST'S FIRST TAPE
Screed 14 THE SIDEMAN'S SUMMARY
Screed 15 GOOD FAITH FOOD
Screed 16 PATRICIA HEARST CONCILIATES
Screed 17 A TAPE OF REVISION AND RAGE
Screed 18 TELL IT, TELL IT, GET IT RIGHT
Screed 19 GENINA'S TREATISE OF BREAKING OFF.
Screed 20 PATRICIA HEARST'S SLA TESTAMENT
Screed 21 THREE LAST WORDS, FOR WAR
Screed 22 THE APRIL FOOL COMMUNIQUE
Screed 23 THE SYMBIONESE CODES OF WAR . .
Screed 24 A CREDO OF TEKO
Screed 25 A NOTE OF MEDIA AND MESSAGE
Screed 26 FAHIZAH AND THE FIFTH PROPHET
Screed 27 CINQUE'S SAD FAREWELL
Screed 28 PATRICIA HEARST
Screed 29 CINQUE ON COBRA AND ZEBRA
Screed 30 TEKO ON COBRA AND ZEBRA
Screed 31 TANIA HEARST
Screed 32 WRITING ON THE WALLS
APPENDIX: A GARLAND OF COUNTERSCREEDS
Screed 1 COMING OF THE COBRA
.
Screed 2 COBRA HEADS
Screed 3 THE SLA OATH
Screed 4 CONSTITUTION AND PROGRAM
Screed 5 GOALS OF THE SYMBIONESE
Screed 6 WAR COUNCIL ALLIANCE
Screed 7 SLA AND SUPPORT UNITS .
Screed 8 FOSTER MURDER AND COMMUNIQUE ONE
Screed 9 THE FOSTER FOLLOW-UP
Screed 10 FAHIZAH'S LETTER TO THE PEOPLE .
Screed 11 THE HEARST ARREST ORDER
Screed 12 CINQUE'S INDICTMENT
Screed 13 PATRICIA HEARST'S FIRST TAPE
Screed 14 THE SIDEMAN'S SUMMARY
Screed 15 GOOD FAITH FOOD
Screed 16 PATRICIA HEARST CONCILIATES
Screed 17 A TAPE OF REVISION AND RAGE
Screed 18 TELL IT, TELL IT, GET IT RIGHT
Screed 19 GENINA'S TREATISE OF BREAKING OFF.
Screed 20 PATRICIA HEARST'S SLA TESTAMENT
Screed 21 THREE LAST WORDS, FOR WAR
Screed 22 THE APRIL FOOL COMMUNIQUE
Screed 23 THE SYMBIONESE CODES OF WAR . .
Screed 24 A CREDO OF TEKO
Screed 25 A NOTE OF MEDIA AND MESSAGE
Screed 26 FAHIZAH AND THE FIFTH PROPHET
Screed 27 CINQUE'S SAD FAREWELL
Screed 28 PATRICIA HEARST
Screed 29 CINQUE ON COBRA AND ZEBRA
Screed 30 TEKO ON COBRA AND ZEBRA
Screed 31 TANIA HEARST
Screed 32 WRITING ON THE WALLS
APPENDIX: A GARLAND OF COUNTERSCREEDS
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Camilla Hall
Camilla Hall aka Gabi (1945 - May 17, 1974) was an early member of the Symbionese Liberation Army. The daughter of a Lutheran pastor, she was the only surviving child of four; two of her siblings died of a kidney disorder and a third of polio.
Hall moved to Los Angeles in 1968 in search of a place where her art and her lesbianism would be more welcome.[citation needed] She lived there for three years, surviving on a small income from her art sales, before moving to Berkeley, where she fell in love with her upstairs neighbor, Patricia Soltysik, to whom she gave the name "Mizmoon".
LA Shootout
Hall died in a shootout (May 17, 1974, with 9000 rounds of ammunition fired) with police in which five other SLA members were killed. As their hideout burned, Hall and fellow SLA member Nancy Ling Perry exited out of the back door. Police claimed that Perry came out firing a revolver while Hall fired an automatic pistol. Police shot them both immediately. Perry was shot twice; one shot hit her right lung, the other shot severing her spine. Hall was shot once in the forehead. Investigators working for her parents claimed that Perry had come walking out of the house intending to surrender.[1]
Camilla Hall aka Gabi (1945 - May 17, 1974) was an early member of the Symbionese Liberation Army. The daughter of a Lutheran pastor, she was the only surviving child of four; two of her siblings died of a kidney disorder and a third of polio.
Hall moved to Los Angeles in 1968 in search of a place where her art and her lesbianism would be more welcome.[citation needed] She lived there for three years, surviving on a small income from her art sales, before moving to Berkeley, where she fell in love with her upstairs neighbor, Patricia Soltysik, to whom she gave the name "Mizmoon".
LA Shootout
Hall died in a shootout (May 17, 1974, with 9000 rounds of ammunition fired) with police in which five other SLA members were killed. As their hideout burned, Hall and fellow SLA member Nancy Ling Perry exited out of the back door. Police claimed that Perry came out firing a revolver while Hall fired an automatic pistol. Police shot them both immediately. Perry was shot twice; one shot hit her right lung, the other shot severing her spine. Hall was shot once in the forehead. Investigators working for her parents claimed that Perry had come walking out of the house intending to surrender.[1]
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Angela Atwood
Angela DeAngelis "General Gelina" Atwood was a founding member of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), a domestic terrorist group of the 1970s.
Background
Angela DeAngelis (born 6 February 1949) grew up in the small New Jersey suburb of North Haledon near Paterson. The daughter of a local Teamsters boss, DeAngelis was a member of the Catholic Youth Organization in high school, where she was active in many student leadership groups and was a cheerleader. She attended Indiana University where she met leftwing activist and future husband Gary Atwood. While at school, she also met William and Emily Harris, sang in a sorority group with former NBC anchor Jane Pauley, was involved in theater and majored in education. She graduated in 1970 and began student teaching in Indianapolis.
Symbionese Liberation Army
The Atwoods moved to San Francisco, where Angela befriended Kathleen Soliah (a.k.a. Sara Jane Olson). The two women acted together in a local production of Ibsen's Hedda Gabler. Angela and Gary Atwood separated in June 1973, and Angela moved in with the Harrises. She then joined the SLA along with the Harrises and her new boyfriend, Russell Little.
Atwood's voice is heard on a taped message of March 9, 1974, used in negotiations with Randolph Hearst for the return of Patty Hearst. Atwood assumed the voice of a black woman and said, "The dream - and indeed it is a dream - of [many on the Left] is that the enemy corporate state will willingly give the stolen riches of the earth back to the people and that this will be accomplished through compromising talk and empty words . . . To this, our bullets scream loudly. The enemy's bloodthirsty greed will be destroyed by the growing spirit of the people and their thirst for freedom. We call upon the people to judge for themselves whether our tactics of waging struggle are correct or incorrect in fighting the enemy by any means necessary."[citation needed]
Atwood was killed in a May 17, 1974 shootout with Los Angeles police, along with five other founding members of the SLA, including Donald DeFreeze. It was Atwood's death that prompted Soliah to hold a memorial service for her and other members of the SLA, which ultimately drew Soliah and a few others into the group, giving the SLA life for two more years.[citation needed]
Angela DeAngelis "General Gelina" Atwood was a founding member of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), a domestic terrorist group of the 1970s.
Background
Angela DeAngelis (born 6 February 1949) grew up in the small New Jersey suburb of North Haledon near Paterson. The daughter of a local Teamsters boss, DeAngelis was a member of the Catholic Youth Organization in high school, where she was active in many student leadership groups and was a cheerleader. She attended Indiana University where she met leftwing activist and future husband Gary Atwood. While at school, she also met William and Emily Harris, sang in a sorority group with former NBC anchor Jane Pauley, was involved in theater and majored in education. She graduated in 1970 and began student teaching in Indianapolis.
Symbionese Liberation Army
The Atwoods moved to San Francisco, where Angela befriended Kathleen Soliah (a.k.a. Sara Jane Olson). The two women acted together in a local production of Ibsen's Hedda Gabler. Angela and Gary Atwood separated in June 1973, and Angela moved in with the Harrises. She then joined the SLA along with the Harrises and her new boyfriend, Russell Little.
Atwood's voice is heard on a taped message of March 9, 1974, used in negotiations with Randolph Hearst for the return of Patty Hearst. Atwood assumed the voice of a black woman and said, "The dream - and indeed it is a dream - of [many on the Left] is that the enemy corporate state will willingly give the stolen riches of the earth back to the people and that this will be accomplished through compromising talk and empty words . . . To this, our bullets scream loudly. The enemy's bloodthirsty greed will be destroyed by the growing spirit of the people and their thirst for freedom. We call upon the people to judge for themselves whether our tactics of waging struggle are correct or incorrect in fighting the enemy by any means necessary."[citation needed]
Atwood was killed in a May 17, 1974 shootout with Los Angeles police, along with five other founding members of the SLA, including Donald DeFreeze. It was Atwood's death that prompted Soliah to hold a memorial service for her and other members of the SLA, which ultimately drew Soliah and a few others into the group, giving the SLA life for two more years.[citation needed]
Alternate name(s):
Field Marshal Cinque
Date of birth:
November 16, 1943
Place of birth:
Cleveland, Ohio
Date of death:
May 17, 1974 (aged 30)
Place of death:
Los Angeles, California
Movement:
Symbionese Liberation Army
Donald DeFreeze
Donald David DeFreeze (November 16, 1943 – May 17, 1974), aka Cinque Mtume, was the leader of the Symbionese Liberation Army, an American revolutionary group operating in the mid-1970s.
DeFreeze was born in Cleveland, Ohio but became a career criminal, first as 14 year old gang member in Buffalo, New York[1] before moving to California. In 1972, he was serving a sentence in Soledad Prison (in Soledad, California) for armed robbery. Those who knew him in his early days considered him an unimpressive thug. He had once robbed a prostitute of ten dollars and had turned a friend in to the police.[1]
While in Soledad, DeFreeze met with some radical extremists who were working as volunteers in the prison and was converted to their political ideas. After being transferred to Vacaville Prison, he escaped on March 5, 1973. DeFreeze adopted the name "Field Marshal Cinque." Cinque took this name from the reported leader of the slave rebellion which took over the Spanish slave ship Amistad in 1839.
DeFreeze, along with Patricia Soltysik, founded the Symbionese Liberation Army and recruited a handful of other members for the group. The group perpetrated a number of crimes, the most infamous being the murder of Oakland Schools Superintendent Marcus Foster and the abduction of newspaper heiress Patty Hearst.
On May 17, 1974, the Los Angeles Police Department surrounded a house where DeFreeze and five other SLA members were staying. During the shootout between police and SLA members that ensued, the house caught fire. DeFreeze and others crawled through a hole in the floor into a crawlspace beneath the house. Apparently burning alive, DeFreeze committed suicide by shooting himself in the right temple.[2] His corpse was so badly burned that his family did not initially believe the remains belonged to DeFreeze.
DeFreeze is buried in Highland Park Cemetery in Shaker Heights, Ohio. [3]
Donald David DeFreeze (November 16, 1943 – May 17, 1974), aka Cinque Mtume, was the leader of the Symbionese Liberation Army, an American revolutionary group operating in the mid-1970s.
DeFreeze was born in Cleveland, Ohio but became a career criminal, first as 14 year old gang member in Buffalo, New York[1] before moving to California. In 1972, he was serving a sentence in Soledad Prison (in Soledad, California) for armed robbery. Those who knew him in his early days considered him an unimpressive thug. He had once robbed a prostitute of ten dollars and had turned a friend in to the police.[1]
While in Soledad, DeFreeze met with some radical extremists who were working as volunteers in the prison and was converted to their political ideas. After being transferred to Vacaville Prison, he escaped on March 5, 1973. DeFreeze adopted the name "Field Marshal Cinque." Cinque took this name from the reported leader of the slave rebellion which took over the Spanish slave ship Amistad in 1839.
DeFreeze, along with Patricia Soltysik, founded the Symbionese Liberation Army and recruited a handful of other members for the group. The group perpetrated a number of crimes, the most infamous being the murder of Oakland Schools Superintendent Marcus Foster and the abduction of newspaper heiress Patty Hearst.
On May 17, 1974, the Los Angeles Police Department surrounded a house where DeFreeze and five other SLA members were staying. During the shootout between police and SLA members that ensued, the house caught fire. DeFreeze and others crawled through a hole in the floor into a crawlspace beneath the house. Apparently burning alive, DeFreeze committed suicide by shooting himself in the right temple.[2] His corpse was so badly burned that his family did not initially believe the remains belonged to DeFreeze.
DeFreeze is buried in Highland Park Cemetery in Shaker Heights, Ohio. [3]
пятница, 19 сентября 2008 г.
Alternate name(s):
Nancy DevoteLynn LedworthFahizah
Date of birth:
September 19, 1947
Place of birth:
San Francisco, USA
Date of death:
May 17, 1974 (aged 26)
Place of death:
Los Angeles, USA
Movement:
Symbionese Liberation Army
Nancy Ling Perry
Nancy Ling Perry (September 19, 1947 – May 17, 1974) also known as Nancy Devote, Lynn Ledworth and Fahizah was an American member of the Symbionese Liberation Army.
Background
Nancy Ling Perry was born in San Francisco to an upper middle-class family. She attended Montgomery High School in Santa Rosa, where she was a cheerleader and a Sunday school teacher. In 1964, while in high school, she was a campaign worker for Barry Goldwater. She began university at Whittier College. After a few semesters at Whittier, however, she transferred to the University of California, Berkeley. At Berkeley she majored in English.
Ling Perry was married for six years to African American jazz musician Gilbert Perry, whom she met when he was working for a state employment office. Their relationship was described as a "love-hate affair" which ended when Gilbert left Nancy.[citation needed]
Ling Perry worked as a topless blackjack dealer in San Francisco and went through a period of heavy use of psychedelic drugs and amphetamines.[citation needed]
Symbionese Liberation Army
On May 17, 1974, Nancy Ling Perry, along with several members of the SLA, was killed at 1466 East 54th Street, during a shootout with the Los Angeles Police Department. As the their hideout burned, Perry and fellow SLA member Camilla Hall exited the back door. Police claimed that Perry came out firing a revolver while Hall fired an automatic pistol. Police shot them both immediately. Perry was shot twice; one shot hit her right lung, the other shot severed her spine. Hall was shot once in the forehead. Investigators working for her parents claimed that Perry had come walking out of the house intending to surrender.[1]
Nancy Ling Perry (September 19, 1947 – May 17, 1974) also known as Nancy Devote, Lynn Ledworth and Fahizah was an American member of the Symbionese Liberation Army.
Background
Nancy Ling Perry was born in San Francisco to an upper middle-class family. She attended Montgomery High School in Santa Rosa, where she was a cheerleader and a Sunday school teacher. In 1964, while in high school, she was a campaign worker for Barry Goldwater. She began university at Whittier College. After a few semesters at Whittier, however, she transferred to the University of California, Berkeley. At Berkeley she majored in English.
Ling Perry was married for six years to African American jazz musician Gilbert Perry, whom she met when he was working for a state employment office. Their relationship was described as a "love-hate affair" which ended when Gilbert left Nancy.[citation needed]
Ling Perry worked as a topless blackjack dealer in San Francisco and went through a period of heavy use of psychedelic drugs and amphetamines.[citation needed]
Symbionese Liberation Army
On May 17, 1974, Nancy Ling Perry, along with several members of the SLA, was killed at 1466 East 54th Street, during a shootout with the Los Angeles Police Department. As the their hideout burned, Perry and fellow SLA member Camilla Hall exited the back door. Police claimed that Perry came out firing a revolver while Hall fired an automatic pistol. Police shot them both immediately. Perry was shot twice; one shot hit her right lung, the other shot severed her spine. Hall was shot once in the forehead. Investigators working for her parents claimed that Perry had come walking out of the house intending to surrender.[1]
Sara Jane Olson
1 Symbionese Liberation Army
1.1 Crocker National Bank robbery and Myrna Opsahl murder
1.2 Los Angeles Police Department bombs
2 Underground existence, capture and prosecution
2.1 Plea controversy
2.2 Sentencing in explosives charges
2.3 Sentencing in Opsahl murder
3 Aftermath of prosecution and sentencing
3.1 Judge reduces sentence
3.2 Appeals court panel restores sentence
3.3 Release from prison and rearrest
4 Notes and references
5 Further reading
6 External links
1 Symbionese Liberation Army
1.1 Crocker National Bank robbery and Myrna Opsahl murder
1.2 Los Angeles Police Department bombs
2 Underground existence, capture and prosecution
2.1 Plea controversy
2.2 Sentencing in explosives charges
2.3 Sentencing in Opsahl murder
3 Aftermath of prosecution and sentencing
3.1 Judge reduces sentence
3.2 Appeals court panel restores sentence
3.3 Release from prison and rearrest
4 Notes and references
5 Further reading
6 External links
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